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SMS Mainz
SMS ''Mainz'' was a light cruiser of the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy) during the First World War. She had three sister ships, , , and . She was built by the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin; her hull was laid down in 1908 and she was launched in January 1909. She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet in October 1909. She was armed with a main battery of twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns and had a top speed of .
After her commissioning, she served with the II Scouting Group, part of the reconnaissance forces of the High Seas Fleet. She was assigned to patrols off the island of Heligoland at the outbreak of World War I in early August 1914. At the Battle of Heligoland Bight on 28 August 1914, the German patrol forces were attacked by superior British forces, including five battlecruisers and several light cruisers. ''Mainz'' was initially stationed in support of the forces on the patrol line. She attempted to reinforce the beleaguered German forces, and encountered a much stronger force of British cruisers and destroyers. They scored several damaging hits with gunfire and a torpedo that disabled ''Mainz'' and prompted her commander to abandon ship. The British rescued 348 men from the crew before the ship rolled over and sank. Eighty-nine men were killed in the battle, including her commanding officer.
==Design==
(詳細はErsatz'' and was laid down in 1907 at the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin. She was launched on 23 January 1909 and christened by the mayor of Mainz, Karl Emil Göttelmann, after which fitting-out work commenced. She was commissioned into the High Seas Fleet on 1 October 1909.〔Gröner, pp. 106–107〕〔Hildebrand, Röhr and Steinmetz, p. 38〕 The ship was long overall and had a beam of and a draft of forward. She displaced at full combat load. Her propulsion system consisted of two sets of AEG-Curtiss steam turbines driving two propellers. They were designed to give . These were powered by fifteen coal-fired Marine water-tube boilers. These gave the ship a top speed of . ''Mainz'' carried of coal that gave her a range of approximately at . ''Mainz'' had a crew of eighteen officers and 349 enlisted men.〔Gröner, p. 106〕
The ship was armed with twelve 10.5 cm SK L/45 guns in single pedestal mounts. Two were placed side by side forward on the forecastle, eight were located amidships, four on either side, and two were side by side aft.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 159〕 She also carried four 5.2 cm SK L/55 anti-aircraft guns. She was also equipped with a pair of torpedo tubes submerged in the hull. She could also carry 100 mines. The conning tower had thick sides, and the deck was covered with up to thick armor plate.〔
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